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Showing posts with label General. Show all posts
Showing posts with label General. Show all posts
Thursday, December 8, 2011
Wednesday, September 21, 2011
Gold Standards in Medical Field
What is a 'gold standard'?
The term 'gold standard' can be referred to a test or a method. A test which shows the true status of the patient is termed gold standard. These test are assumed to have 100% sensitivity and specificity. Diagnostic power of other tests are evaluated based on the comparison with the gold standard test.When the term applies to a method or a procedure, a 'gold standard' serves as a basis for evaluation
of other methods.
Gold standard method for estimating resting energy expenditure - indirect calorimetry
Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of Iron deficiency anemia – Estimation of serum Ferritin
Gold standard for proving that the life span of red cell is decreased ( useful in Hemolytic anemia) - Red cell survival study
Gold standard for evaluation of stem cell transplantation therapy - Hemopoietic stem cell transplantation
Gold standard technique for differentiating allograft rejection and reactivation of disease after heart transplantation - Endo-myocardial Biopsy
Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of DVT - Contrast Venography
Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of acute pharyngitis - Throat Culture
Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of pertussis - Culture of nasopharyngeal secretions
Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of Otitis externa caused by P. aeruginosa - Technetium99 bone scan
Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of Acoustic Neuroma – Gadolinium MRI
Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of Shigella infection - Isolation and identification of pathogen from fecal material
Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of Tuberculous meningitis - Culture of CSF
Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of HSV Encephalitis - Brain biopsy (CSF PCR largely replaced brain biopsy in recent times)
Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of histoplasmosis - Fungal Culture
Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomypathy and atrial myxoma - Echocardiogram
Gold standard investigation for imaging heart valves and valve motion abnormalities - 2D echocardiography
Gold standard investigation for assessment of Myocardial viability (Identification of ischemic or hibernating myocardium)– PET
Gold standard investigation for assessment of LV mass and volume - MRI
Gold standard method for evaluation of renal arteries and identification of renal artery lesions - Contrast arteriography
Gold standard method for evaluation of respiratory gas exchange - ABG
Gold standard investigation for assessment of albuminuria - 24 hr urine collection
Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of PNH (Paroxysmal Nocturnal Haemoglobinuria) – Flow cytometry
Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of ATTR and other AF mutations - DNA sequencing
Gold standard method for identifying and quantifying atherosclerosis in cerebral arteries - X-ray cerebral angiography
Gold standard investigation for evaluating anatomy of arterio-venous malformation - X-ray angiography
Gold standard for diagnosis and classification of ataxia - genotype
Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of of lung infection (Radiotherapy induced) in a cancer patient - open-lung biopsy
Gold standard medical treatment for symptomatic progressive pulmonary hypertension – Prostacyclin
Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of PIH – Serum Urea
Gold standard for assessment of visual impairment - Snellen's chart
Gold standard method of treatment of non-castrate metastatic disease - surgical orchidectomy
Gold standard method for bacterial stain analysis - Pulse-field gel electrophoresis
Gold standard method of treatment of DCIS - Mastectomy
Gold standard approach for resection of anterior and middle mediastinal masses - median or lateral thoracotomy
Gold standard method of treatment of Coarctation of aorta - Surgical repair
Gold standard method for evaluation of coronary artery disease - Cardiac Catheterization
Gold standard method for culture of V. cholerae o139 - Conventional culture method
Gold standard to determine cut-off titer of widal test for diagnosis of Typhoid fever – Nested PCR
Gold standard treatment of brucellosis in adults - IM Streptomycin + Doxycyclin
Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of of chronic arterial mesentric ischemia - Angiography
Gold standard method for treatment of chronic ulcerative colitis - Total proctocolostomy with end ileostomy
Gold standard method for evaluation of imaging modalities for liver tumors - Intraoperative ultrasonography
Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of common bile duct stones - Endoscopic cholangiography
Gold standard investigation for measurement of GFR - Inulin clearance
Gold standard for treatment of organ confined, muscle invasive, bladder cancer is - Radical cystoprostatectomy in men and anterior pelvic exenteration in woman
Gold standard for treatment of femoral shaft fractures - Reamed locked intramedullary nailing
Gold standard method in case of difficult intubation - Flexible fibreoptic intubation scope
Gold standard method for diagnosis and treatment of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) - Broncho alveolar lavage
Gold standard treatment of hyperparathyroidism - Surgery
Gold standard investigation to differentiate follicular and papillary carcinoma of thyroid gland- Histology
Gold standard procedure for thymectomy - Trans cervical mediastinoscopy and surgery
Gold standard for treatment of adrenal tumors - Laparoscopic adrenalectomy
Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of breast cancer - Mammography
Gold standard method for staging of breast cancer - Axillary lymph node dissection
Gold standard for evaluation of a stable patient with suspected vascular injury - Angiography
Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of GERD - Ambulatory 24 hr PH monitoring
Gold standard method for treatment of GERD - Laparoccopic Nissens fundoplication
Gold standard for evaluating cure rate in duodenal ulcer patients – Vagotomy
Gold standard finding for the diagnosis of GI perforation - Finding pneumoperitoneum
Gold standard for diagnosis of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome - Serum gastrin levels( Most patients have serum gastrin levels above 1000pg/mL)
Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of colonic mucosal disease - Colonoscopy
Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of steatorrhoea - Timed quantitative stool fat determination
Gold standard method for treatment of incontinence with an isolated sphincter defect - Overlapping sphincteroplasty
Gold standard investigation for diagnosis and method of management of Acute arterial occlusion – Laparotomy
Gold standard method for confirmation of mesentric arterial occlusion - Mesentric angiography
Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of celiac disease – Small intestine biopsy
Gold standard for identifying choledocholithiasis – ERCP
Gold standard method of treatment of Symptomatic cholelitiasis – Lap cholecystectomy
Gold standard method for diagnosis of Primary sclerosing cholangitis - ERCP
Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of Hepatitis C – HCV RNA assay
Gold standard test for diagnosis of intraluminal bile duct abnormalities - ERCP
Gold standard method for management of hydatid disease – Surgery
Gold standard for assessing degree of liver injury and fibrosis - Liver Biopsy
Gold standard method for management of blunt hepatic trauma - Non-operative management
Gold standard test for assessment of function of sphincter of oddi – Manometry
Gold standard investigation of diagnosis of Klatskin tumor - Cholangiography
Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of invasive amoebiasis - ELISA
REFERENCES
1. Harrison's principles of Internal Medicine 17th Edition
2. Schwartz's Manual of Surgery 8th Edition
Download the list of Gold standards in PDF format here
Download
The term 'gold standard' can be referred to a test or a method. A test which shows the true status of the patient is termed gold standard. These test are assumed to have 100% sensitivity and specificity. Diagnostic power of other tests are evaluated based on the comparison with the gold standard test.When the term applies to a method or a procedure, a 'gold standard' serves as a basis for evaluation
of other methods.
Gold standard method for estimating resting energy expenditure - indirect calorimetry
Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of Iron deficiency anemia – Estimation of serum Ferritin
Gold standard for proving that the life span of red cell is decreased ( useful in Hemolytic anemia) - Red cell survival study
Gold standard for evaluation of stem cell transplantation therapy - Hemopoietic stem cell transplantation
Gold standard technique for differentiating allograft rejection and reactivation of disease after heart transplantation - Endo-myocardial Biopsy
Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of DVT - Contrast Venography
Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of acute pharyngitis - Throat Culture
Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of pertussis - Culture of nasopharyngeal secretions
Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of Otitis externa caused by P. aeruginosa - Technetium99 bone scan
Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of Acoustic Neuroma – Gadolinium MRI
Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of Shigella infection - Isolation and identification of pathogen from fecal material
Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of Tuberculous meningitis - Culture of CSF
Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of HSV Encephalitis - Brain biopsy (CSF PCR largely replaced brain biopsy in recent times)
Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of histoplasmosis - Fungal Culture
Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomypathy and atrial myxoma - Echocardiogram
Gold standard investigation for imaging heart valves and valve motion abnormalities - 2D echocardiography
Gold standard investigation for assessment of Myocardial viability (Identification of ischemic or hibernating myocardium)– PET
Gold standard investigation for assessment of LV mass and volume - MRI
Gold standard method for evaluation of renal arteries and identification of renal artery lesions - Contrast arteriography
Gold standard method for evaluation of respiratory gas exchange - ABG
Gold standard investigation for assessment of albuminuria - 24 hr urine collection
Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of PNH (Paroxysmal Nocturnal Haemoglobinuria) – Flow cytometry
Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of ATTR and other AF mutations - DNA sequencing
Gold standard method for identifying and quantifying atherosclerosis in cerebral arteries - X-ray cerebral angiography
Gold standard investigation for evaluating anatomy of arterio-venous malformation - X-ray angiography
Gold standard for diagnosis and classification of ataxia - genotype
Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of of lung infection (Radiotherapy induced) in a cancer patient - open-lung biopsy
Gold standard medical treatment for symptomatic progressive pulmonary hypertension – Prostacyclin
Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of PIH – Serum Urea
Gold standard for assessment of visual impairment - Snellen's chart
Gold standard method of treatment of non-castrate metastatic disease - surgical orchidectomy
Gold standard method for bacterial stain analysis - Pulse-field gel electrophoresis
Gold standard method of treatment of DCIS - Mastectomy
Gold standard approach for resection of anterior and middle mediastinal masses - median or lateral thoracotomy
Gold standard method of treatment of Coarctation of aorta - Surgical repair
Gold standard method for evaluation of coronary artery disease - Cardiac Catheterization
Gold standard method for culture of V. cholerae o139 - Conventional culture method
Gold standard to determine cut-off titer of widal test for diagnosis of Typhoid fever – Nested PCR
Gold standard treatment of brucellosis in adults - IM Streptomycin + Doxycyclin
Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of of chronic arterial mesentric ischemia - Angiography
Gold standard method for treatment of chronic ulcerative colitis - Total proctocolostomy with end ileostomy
Gold standard method for evaluation of imaging modalities for liver tumors - Intraoperative ultrasonography
Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of common bile duct stones - Endoscopic cholangiography
Gold standard investigation for measurement of GFR - Inulin clearance
Gold standard for treatment of organ confined, muscle invasive, bladder cancer is - Radical cystoprostatectomy in men and anterior pelvic exenteration in woman
Gold standard for treatment of femoral shaft fractures - Reamed locked intramedullary nailing
Gold standard method in case of difficult intubation - Flexible fibreoptic intubation scope
Gold standard method for diagnosis and treatment of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) - Broncho alveolar lavage
Gold standard treatment of hyperparathyroidism - Surgery
Gold standard investigation to differentiate follicular and papillary carcinoma of thyroid gland- Histology
Gold standard procedure for thymectomy - Trans cervical mediastinoscopy and surgery
Gold standard for treatment of adrenal tumors - Laparoscopic adrenalectomy
Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of breast cancer - Mammography
Gold standard method for staging of breast cancer - Axillary lymph node dissection
Gold standard for evaluation of a stable patient with suspected vascular injury - Angiography
Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of GERD - Ambulatory 24 hr PH monitoring
Gold standard method for treatment of GERD - Laparoccopic Nissens fundoplication
Gold standard for evaluating cure rate in duodenal ulcer patients – Vagotomy
Gold standard finding for the diagnosis of GI perforation - Finding pneumoperitoneum
Gold standard for diagnosis of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome - Serum gastrin levels( Most patients have serum gastrin levels above 1000pg/mL)
Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of colonic mucosal disease - Colonoscopy
Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of steatorrhoea - Timed quantitative stool fat determination
Gold standard method for treatment of incontinence with an isolated sphincter defect - Overlapping sphincteroplasty
Gold standard investigation for diagnosis and method of management of Acute arterial occlusion – Laparotomy
Gold standard method for confirmation of mesentric arterial occlusion - Mesentric angiography
Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of celiac disease – Small intestine biopsy
Gold standard for identifying choledocholithiasis – ERCP
Gold standard method of treatment of Symptomatic cholelitiasis – Lap cholecystectomy
Gold standard method for diagnosis of Primary sclerosing cholangitis - ERCP
Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of Hepatitis C – HCV RNA assay
Gold standard test for diagnosis of intraluminal bile duct abnormalities - ERCP
Gold standard method for management of hydatid disease – Surgery
Gold standard for assessing degree of liver injury and fibrosis - Liver Biopsy
Gold standard method for management of blunt hepatic trauma - Non-operative management
Gold standard test for assessment of function of sphincter of oddi – Manometry
Gold standard investigation of diagnosis of Klatskin tumor - Cholangiography
Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of invasive amoebiasis - ELISA
REFERENCES
1. Harrison's principles of Internal Medicine 17th Edition
2. Schwartz's Manual of Surgery 8th Edition
Download the list of Gold standards in PDF format here
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